Modern India History
Modern Indian History covers the period from the decline of the Mughal Empire to India's independence in 1947. This era started around 1707 after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb. During this time, the central Mughal power became very weak. This weakness allowed many regional states to rise. Historians divide these states into three types. First are the 'Successor States' like Hyderabad, Awadh, and Bengal. These were originally provinces of the Mughal Empire that became independent over time.
Concepts (3)
This refers to the legal age at which a person is considered old enough to give valid consent to marriage or physical relations. In the 19th century, child marriage was common. Reformers like Behramji Malabari fought to increase this age.
This refers to the legal age at which a person is considered old enough to give valid consent to marriage or physical relations. In the 19th century, child marriage was common. Reformers like Behramji Malabari fought to increase this age. The Rakhmabai case was a major turning point that led to the Age of Consent Act of 1891, which raised the age from 10 to 12 years.
Successor states were parts of the Mughal Empire that became independent as the central power weakened. The governors of these provinces started acting like kings but often kept formal ties with the Mughal Emperor.
Successor states were parts of the Mughal Empire that became independent as the central power weakened. The governors of these provinces started acting like kings but often kept formal ties with the Mughal Emperor. Examples include Hyderabad (founded by Nizam-ul-Mulk), Awadh (founded by Saadat Khan), and Bengal (founded by Murshid Quli Khan). In exams, they are often confused with independent kingdoms like Mysore.
The Ulgulan was a tribal movement led by Birsa Munda in the Chotanagpur region. It happened between 1899 and 1900. The main goal was to drive out the British and 'Dikus' (outsiders like moneylenders). Birsa Munda wanted to establish a 'Munda Raj.
The Ulgulan was a tribal movement led by Birsa Munda in the Chotanagpur region. It happened between 1899 and 1900. The main goal was to drive out the British and 'Dikus' (outsiders like moneylenders). Birsa Munda wanted to establish a 'Munda Raj.' This movement is a frequent topic in UPSC because it represents early tribal resistance against colonial land policies.
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