Rural Development Schemes

PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA (PMGSY)-III -- Detailed Notes

Purpose: Providing rural connectivity Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme Target: To consolidate 1,25,000 Km road length in the States Tenure: Till 2024-25 Quick Facts Background: Scheme was launched in 1995 and includes five sub-schemes (3 related to pension and 2 non-pension) Beneficiaries’ identification Socio-Economic Caste Census or SECC 2011 (BPL list is used for identifying beneficiaries for period when SECC was not prepared). Covers beneficiaries in both rural as well as urban areas in all States and UTs.

Table 1.1: NSAP sub-schemes, eligibility criteria and Central Assistance Sub-scheme IGNOAPS (pension) IGNWPS (pension) IGNDPS (pension) NFBS (family benefit) Eligibility criteria Central assistance A person belonging to BPL category who has attained age of 60 years A widow belonging to BPL category who has attained age of 40 years A disabled person with disability level of 80 per cent and above belonging to BPL category above the age of 18 years In case of the death of the primary breadwinner between 18-59 years of age in a family belonging to BPL category.

20000 as a one-time assistance Annapurna scheme Senior citizens who, though eligible, have remained uncovered under IGNOAPS 10 kg of food grains per month are provided free of cost 500 per month (80 years and above)

` 500 per month (80 years and above)

` 500 per month (80 years and above)

Salient Features

To provide connectivity, by way of an all-weather road with necessary culverts and cross-drainage structures to eligible unconnected habitations in rural areas Objective Fund sharing between the Centre and states 90 :10 for 8 North Eastern and 3 Himalayan 60:40 for other states Selection of candidate roads: Based on various parameters including population served, market, educational and medical facilities, etc. Standards of Construction: A Manual on Geometric Standards, Design, Construction and Maintenance of Rural Roads was published by the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) Implementation: PMGSY roads are constructed by the State Governments with a design life of at least 10 years.

The States shall also provide for adequate funds for maintenance of roads post 5-year construction. Electronic Maintenance of Rural Roads under PMGSY (eMARG): It is a GIS-based Enterprise e-Governance solution for maintenance of Rural Roads constructed under PMGSY. It is developed by National Rural Infrastructure Development Agency (NRIDA) Quality Assurance: Through 3-tiered mechanisms. NRIDA engages independent National Quality Monitors (NQMs) for random inspections of the road works. Monitoring:

A modern web based Online Management, Monitoring and Accounting System (OMMAS). “Meri Sadak” App integrated into OMMAS for user friendly and transparent Citizen Feedback and complaint redressal system. Citizen Information Boards and Work Information Boards are displayed in local language at prominent locations on PMGSY roads, in the benefited habitations. Salient Features Launched in 2000 to provide all-weather road connectivity to eligible unconnected habitation of designated population size (500+ in plain areas and 250+ in North-East, hill,tribal and desert areas).

Launched in 2013. The 50,000 Km roads already built for village connectivity was to be upgraded. Launched in 2016 for Left Wing Extremism affected Areas. Covers 44 districts across 9 States (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh). RCPLWEA* Road Connectivity Project for Left Wing Extremism Area*

for consolidation of 1,25,000 Km by upgrading existing Rural Road Network that connects habitations to Gramin Agricultural Markets (GrAMs) among others. PMGSY-III PMGSY-I PMGSY -II Phases of PMGSY

New/Green Technology: Waste plastics, cold mix technology, cell filled concrete, stabilization using cement and lime; nano technology and Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) are in use. Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme Purpose: Poverty alleviation by mobilizing rural poor households into SHGs and enabling poor households to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities Target: By 2023-24, the Mission aims to mobilize all rural poor households Monitoring: State Rural Livelihood Missions (SPVs) Quick Facts Building strong institutions such as Self-Help Groups (SHGs) for the poor, particularly women, and enabling these institutions to access a range of financial services and livelihoods.

To facilitate their access to formal credit, access to entitlements and public services and support for diversification and strengthening of livelihoods. Objective Identification of beneficiaries All rural poor households with at lease one deprivation, as listed by the Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) 2011. Participatory Identification of the Poor (PIP): During village entry, social mobilizers would carry out participatory rural assessment (PRA) exercises that included social maps, wealth and wellbeing ranking/grouping, vulnerability rankings, transect walks to poorest village hamlets etc.

Salient Features

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (GRAMEEN) -- Detailed Notes

Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme Purpose: Housing for All by 2024 Beneficiaries: Identified through Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC), 2011 Amenities: The minimum size of a house is 25 square meters, including a dedicated area for hygienic cooking. Quick Facts Construction of 2.95 crore pucca houses with all basic amenities by the year 2024 to all rural houseless households and to those living in kutcha and dilapidated houses by providing financial subsidy. Objective Beneficiaries Beneficiaries Economically weaker section (EWS) Low-Income Groups (LIGs) Middle Income Groups (MIGs) Up to Rs 3 lakh Household Income (Rs. p.a) Rs 3-6 lakh Rs 6-18 lakhs Selection of beneficiaries: Through a three-stage validation (Socio Economic Caste Census 2011, Gram Sabha, and geo-tagging).

Financial assistance to beneficiaries: Each beneficiary is given 100% grant of Rs.1.20 lakh (in plain areas) and Rs. 1.30 lakh (in Hilly States/North Eastern States/Difficult areas/UT of J&K and Ladakh/IAP/LWE districts). Beneficiaries can also avail loan upto Rs. 70,000 from financial institutions. Funds given in 4 installments directly into the bank account of the beneficiary after verification of various stages of construction through Geotagged photographs. Assistance to beneficiaries for unskilled labour wages: Rs. 90/95 person days under MGNREGA and assistance of Rs. 12,000 for construction of toilets through Swachh Bharat Mission- Gramin, or any other Salient Features

dedicated source of funding. Convergence with other schemes: For providing basic amenities like LPG connection under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Scheme, Access to safe drinking water under Jal Jeevan Mission, etc. Monitoring: Community participation (Social Audit) Member of Parliament (DISHA Committee) Central and State Government officials National Level Monitors Grievance redressal mechanism Grievance redressal within a period of 15 days from the date of receipt of the grievance / complaint. Mechanism set up at different levels of administration viz., Gram Panchayat, Block, District and the State.

Lodging of complaints on the Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) portal (pgportal.gov.in) by the public.

NATIONAL SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMME (NSAP) -- Detailed Notes

Purpose: Provide social assistance to BPL households in the case of the old age, disabled, widows, etc. Type: Centrally Sponsored Schemes Constitutional Mandate: Article 41 directs the State to provide public assistance to certain categories of citizen Monitoring: Social Audit and annual verification by National Level Monitors (NLMs). Quick Facts Ensuring minimum national standard for social assistance in addition to other benefits by States. Objective

DEENDAYAL ANTYODAYA YOJANA- NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOODS MISSION (DAY-NRLM) -- Detailed Notes

Four components Social mobilization, community institution, and capacity building Financial inclusion Livelihood promotion Convergence with various ministries and agencies dealing with poverty reduction of rural poor

• Through this process, a village list of different categories of poor and vulnerable households was prepared. - The PIP would list the DAY-NRLM target households as poor or poorest of the poor (POP), as well as by social category. The list so prepared was endorsed by the Gram Panchayat. Social mobilization: One member (preferably a woman) from each rural poor household would be brought under the SHG network. Women SHG groups would have bank linkage arrangements. Most of the mission’s interventions are being implemented and scaled up by the SHG women themselves who are trained as community resource persons (CRPs) – Krishi Sakhis, Pashu Sakhis, Bank Sakhis, Bima Sakhis, Banking Correspondent Sakhis, etc.

Financial inclusions: Revolving Fund (RF) to SHGs of Rs.10,000-15,000 to meet the members’ credit needs directly and as catalytic capital for leveraging repeat bank finance. - RF is given to SHGs that have been practicing ‘Panchasutra’ (Regular meetings; Regular savings; regular inter-loaning; Timely repayment; and Up-to-date books of accounts). Community Investment Fund (CIF) as Seed Capital to SHG Federations at the Cluster level to meet the credit needs of the members through the SHGs/Village Organizations and to meet the working capital needs of the collective activities at various levels Additionally, promotes financial literacy among the poor.

Livelihood promotion: Supports the development of skills for rural youth and their placement, training, and self-employment through rural self-employment institutes (RSETIs), innovations, market support, etc. Implementation: District Mission Management Units (DMMUs) responsible for planning and execution at the district level. Key initiatives under DDD-NRLM Aajeevika Skill Development Programme (ASDP): 25% of NRLM Funds are earmarked for ASDP. It facilitates building the skills of the rural youth and placement in relatively high wage employment in the growing sectors of economy.

Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP): MKSP promotes scaling-up successful, small scale projects that enhance women’s participation and productivity in agriculture and allied activities. National Rural Livelihoods Project (NRLP): $500 million project approved by the World Bank in 2011. National Rural Economic Transformation Project (NRETP): To scale-up initiatives on digital finance and livelihood interventions. Financed by the World Bank SAKSHAM Centres: Aim: To provide financial literacy & facilitate delivery of financial services (savings, credit, insurance, pensions etc.) to SHG members and rural poor Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana (AGEY): To provide connectivity to rural areas through vehicles operated by SHG members.

(NRETP): To scale-up initiatives on digital finance and livelihood interventions. Financed by the World Bank SAKSHAM Centres: Aim: To provide financial literacy & facilitate delivery of financial services (savings, credit, insurance, pensions etc.) to SHG members and rural poor Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana (AGEY): To provide connectivity to rural areas through vehicles operated by SHG members.

SHG members are provided interest free loans by the Community Based Organisations (CBOs) for operating vehicles on the identified routes based on financial viability. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) Objectives: Adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families and cater to the career aspirations of rural youth. Beneficiaries: Rural youth aged of 15 and 35 years from poor families and SC/ST/ Women/ PVTGs/ PWDs/transgenders, etc. upto 45 Yrs Benefits: Facilitates demand led skill training at no cost to the rural poor Inclusive Program Design: Mandatory coverage of socially disadvantaged groups (SC/ST 50%; Minority 15%; Women 33%).

“Sangathan Se Samridhhi– Leaving no Rural Woman Behind”: A national campaign under Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Samaveshi Vikaas, aimed at mobilizing 10 crore women from eligible rural households.

MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT (MGNREGA), 2005 -- Detailed Notes

Aims of MGNREGA Social inclusion Strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions Effecting Transparency & Accountability Employment Quality Assets

State Governments may also make provisions for providing additional days beyond the period guaranteed under the Act from their own funds. Accident compensation: Provides Ex-Gratia Payments for permanent disability or death as a result of accident at a work site. Women empowerment: At least 1/3rd beneficiaries shall be women. Non-negotiable provisions Wage to material ratio at 60:40 at Gram Panchayat (GP) level. Work execution only by manual labour without engaging any contractors or machinery (except as permitted).

Equal wages to all based on the quantity of work done. Wage determination: Wages are linked to the quality of work and wage rates notified under section 6(1) of the Act. Wages are calculated according to the Schedule of Rates fixed by the State Governments for different types of work. Wage payments: Wage payments are exclusively made in the account of the wage seekers directly. Payment of wages should be made within 15 days after completion of work. Job cards to rural household: Any rural household seeking unskilled manual work could register its family in the GP and obtain a job card.

Geotagging of assets created: Geotagging through GeoMGNREGA of the MoRD in association with National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), ISRO and National Informatics Centre. Safe drinking water Resting facilities Availablity of First aid box and medicines Child care for working women having children below 5 years (minimum collectively 5 children should be there to avail the facility of child care) Entitlement to wage seeker