Jal Shakti Schemes

JAL JEEVAN MISSION (JJM): HAR GHAR JAL -- Detailed Notes

Purpose: ‘No one is left out’, thus ensuring tap water supply to every rural home by 2024 Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme Focus on children: Piped water supply in schools, anganwadi centres and ashramshalas Monitoring: Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) and JJM–Dashboard have been put in place. Quick Facts To provide Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household. To provide functional tap connection to Schools, Anganwadis, GP buildings, Health centres, etc. To promote voluntary ownership among the local community by way of contribution in cash, kind and/ or labour (shramdaan).

To bring awareness on various aspects and significance of safe drinking water. Objective Goal: To develop ‘WASH enlightened villages’ - wherein the local communities are equipped to provide long- term assured water supply and sanitation services to all. FHTC: FHTC refers to household tap connection providing water in adequate quantity , in prescribed quality and on regular basis. Decentralized: JJM provides for Village Action Plan (VAP) for long-term drinking water security. Salient Features A minimum of five women in each village are being trained to use Field Test Kits (FTKs) for water quality testing at the village level.

Minimum 50% members of Paani Samitis are to be women and proportionate representation of weaker sections of society. Capacity building of women in sectors which were otherwise considered male bastions like working as masons, mechanics, plumbers, etc. Women empowerment

VAP focuses on: drinking water sources; grey water reuse; water supply systems; operation & maintenance. Paani Samitis: Paani Samitis or Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) is responsible for the regular operation and maintenance of the village water supply system Water Quality Monitoring: Promotes regular testing of water samples at source and delivery points. Public access to water quality testing labs is available at affordable rates. Release of funds: It is contingent upon the utilization of available Central funds and matching State shares.

Performance grant to States/ UTs is provided based on functionality assessment survey. Key Resource Centres (KRCs): To enhance capacity various governmental and non-governmental academic institutions, think tanks, and training institutions are involved as KRCs. National WASH Expert: National Centre for Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Quality empanels and deploys National WASH Experts for on-the-ground verification and technical assistance to States. NWEs provide star ratings to villages and feedback to States based on the JJM implementation status.

Priority: Emphasis on Districts Affected by Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES). Regions with groundwater containing geo-genic contaminants such as Arsenic, Fluoride, Iron, salinity, heavy metals, etc. Reducing the Non-Revenue Water: Non-revenue water refers to water that is pumped and then lost or unaccounted for. Funding by 15th Finanace Commission (FFC): The FFC recognizes water supply and sanitation as a

JJM - Water Quality Management Infor- mation System (JJM-WQMIS) to capture physical and financial progress under JJM, in real-time Sensor-based IoT solution for measure- ment and monitoring of water supply on real time basis All transaction through Public Finance Management System (PFMS) Geo-tagging of every asset created under JJM Linkage of tap connection with Aadhar number of the head of household 'Mobile App' for use of all stakeholders' 'ease of working' Mandatory Third Party Inspection (TPI) to ensure the quality of works and materials used under JJM Enhanced delivery Enhanced monitoring Mechanism for Transparency & accountability Key initiatives Rural WASH Partners Forum (RWPF): To drive innovation in the WASH sector through technology, knowledge product development, and information sharing.

Goa becomes the First ‘Har Ghar Jal’ Certified State. Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh becomes the first ‘Har Ghar Jal’ certified district. Andaman and Nicobar Islands becomes first ‘Swachh Sujal Pradesh’. Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu becomes the First ‘Har Ghar Jal’ Certified UT. Key Achievements

Swachh Jal Se Suraksha campaign: To impress upon the States/ UTs to make concerted efforts towards taking up water quality monitoring and surveillance activities Jalmani Programme: Involves the installation of a Stand-Alone Purification System in rural schools, since 2008. ‘Har Ghar Jal’ programme (2019) Implemented by: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) Aim: Provide every rural household with affordable and regular access to an adequate supply of safe drinking water through taps.

SWACHH BHARAT MISSION (GRAMEEN) PHASE-II -- Detailed Notes

Purpose: All villages achieve Open Defecation Free Plus (ODF Plus) status at the earliest Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme Focus: Behavioural changes of the mass to adopt better sanitation and hygiene practices Tenure: Till 2024-25 Quick Facts Ensuring safe management of solid and liquid waste in villages, reinforcing ODF behaviours and ensuring that no one is left behind and everyone uses a toilet. Objective Background: Under SBM (G) phase I rural areas in all the States have declared themselves ODF as on 2nd October, 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi SBM Phase II aims for comprehensive cleanliness.

Open Defecation Free (ODF) SBM ODF: If not a single person is found defecating in the open. SBM ODF+: ODF status conditions and all community and public toilets are functional and well maintained. SBM ODF++: ODF+ status conditions and toilets with sludge and septage management. Components under SBM-II: Construction of Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs): Rs.12,000/- for construction of IHHL and water storage facilities is provided. Retrofitting of toilets: States and Districts are asked to take necessary IEC and IPC interventions to motivate households.

Construction of Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs): Financial assistance to the Gram Panchayats for construction of CMSC at village level. Salient Features ODF Plus declaration of villages A village which is sustaining its ODF status and has arrangements for solid OR liquid waste management. A village which is sustaining its ODF status and has arrangements for BOTH Solid and Liquid Waste Management. A village which is sustaining its ODF status and has arrangements for BOTH Solid and Liquid Waste Management; observes visual cleanliness, i.e., minimal litter, etc.

and displays ODF Plus IEC messages. ODF Plus - Aspiring ODF Plus - Rising ODF Plus - Model

Construction of Assets for Solid Waste Management (SWM): - Biodegradable waste management: - Composting: » Household composting pit where space is available » Community level compost pit for 100-150 households - GOBAR-dhan: Rs. 50 Lakh per District is provided for establishing community or cluster-level biogas plants at the village/Block/District level. - Plastic waste management: Plastic waste management should be a component of the Block or District plan. Works for Liquid waste Management: - On-Site Greywater Management: Using sustainable techniques like soak pit, leach pit, magic pit, or kitchen garden.

• Community level Greywater Management: It should be considered if on-site management is impractical. Faecal Sludge Management (FSM): Districts must enhance mechanized de-sludging of on-site sanitation systems and set up treatment units for safe faecal matter disposal. - Rs. 230 per capita is allocated for FSM implementation at the District or Block level. - Additional funding , if needed, can be sourced from various channels, including the 15th Finance Commission, MPLAD/MLALAD/CSR funds, and other State/Central Government schemes.

Role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs): Planning; Receipt of fund flow; Coordination; monitoring (organising social audit); implementation through community mobilization. Village Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC): May be constituted as a sub-committee of GP for providing support in terms of motivation, preparation of Village Action Plan, etc. Monitoring: Through Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) Dashboard, ODF-Plus App, Swachh Gram Darpan App. Key initiatives Swachh Iconic Places (SIP) initiative:

Aim: Enhancing the visitors at iconic heritage (spiritual and cultural) by improving the sanitation and cleanliness standards at and around the sites. Other key stakeholders: Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs; Ministry of Tourism; Ministry of Culture; Concerned State/UT governments Rashtriya Swachhta Kendra (RSK): It is an interactive experience centre on the SBM, at the Gandhi Smriti and darshan samiti at Rajghat. Darwaza Band Media Campaign: Aims to encourage behaviour change in men who have toilets but are not using them. Supported by the World Bank.

‘Darwaza Band -Part 2’ campaign focuses on sustaining the ODF status of villages across the country. Swachhta hi Sewa Campaign: It is a fortnight-long sanitation campaign to highlight the cleanliness initiative, SBM. Copyright © by Vision IAS All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Vision IAS.

PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAYEE YOJANA (PMKSY) -- Detailed Notes

Type: Centrally Sponsored Schemes Purpose: Enhance physical access of water on farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation. Dedicated Funds: Long Term Irrigation Fund ( LTIF ) & Micro Irrigation Fund ( MIF ) with NABARD . Monitoring: Central Water Commission and Ministry of Jal Shakti Quick Facts Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level. Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage of water. Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop).

Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices by exploring the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture. Attract greater private investment in precision irrigation system. Objective Inter-ministerial Scheme Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD): Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP Ministry of Jal Shakti: - On Farm Water Management (OFWM) component of Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP). - Har Khet Ko Pani (HKKP) Earlier Per Drop More Crop of the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) was also a key component of the PMKSY.

However, now MoA is implementing this scheme under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) Cafetaria Scheme Water Budgeting: In PMKSY, water budgeting is done for all sectors namely, household, agriculture and industries. Water budget is a water management tool used to estimate the amount of water a landscape will require. Dedicated irrigation funds 2 Types of Fund Long Term Irrigation Fund (LTIF): For funding and fast tracking the implementation of incomplete major and medium irrigation projects Micro Irrigation Fund (MIF): To provide states financial assistance on concessional rate of interest Salient Features

Components of PMKSY OFWM (On Farm Water Management): It was launched in n 1996-97 to accelerate implementation of such projects which were beyond resource capability of the States or were in advanced stage of completion. Central Assistance to major/medium irrigation projects. Har Khet ko Pani: Creation of new water sources through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground water). Strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water sources , construction of rainwater harvesting structures. Command Area Development.

IWMP (Integrated Watershed Management Programme): Effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation activities. Three components: - Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP) - Desert Development Programme (DDP) - Integrated Wasteland Development Programme Other features Convergence with MGNREGS. Monitoring National Steering Committee (NSC) under Prime Minister with Union Ministers of all concerned Ministries National Executive Committee (NEC) under the Chairmanship of the Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog.

National Hydrology Project (NHP) Purpose: To improve the quality and accessibility of water resources information and strengthen the capacity of targeted water resources management institutions. Type: Central Sector Scheme External Support: By the World Bank

The project is facilitating acquisition of reliable information efficiently which would pave the way for an effective water resource development and management. Young water Professional Programme Launched by: Leads of the Australia India Water Centre which are Western Sydney University and Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati. Objective: To build the capacity YWPs and provide them and project management skills needed for management of water resources and water management reforms in India.

women) from the NHP’s central and state implementing agencies.

ATAL BHUJAL YOJANA (ATAL JAL) -- Detailed Notes

Purpose: To improve ground water management. Type: Central Sector Scheme Funding: 50% through World Bank loan and remaining through budgetary support Women empowerment: Mandatory participation of women Quick Facts Ground water management through community participation in identified priority areas in seven States. Objective Goal: The goal of Atal Jal is to demonstrate community-led sustainable ground water management which can be taken to scale. Coverage: Water stressed areas of 7 states (Refer to the Map).

Incentives to States: States receive incentives under the scheme based on performance and achievements of predefined indicators. Grassroots level governance: Active participation of the communities . Gram Panchayat wise, Water Security Plans (WSPs) & their implementation. IEC activities: For sustainable ground water management. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building. Nodal Implementing agency: Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) of the Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation.

Haryana Uttar Pradesh Districts Blocks GPs Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Gujarat karnataka Coverage Under Atal Bhujal Yojana Salient Features

CGWB is the apex multi-disciplinary scientific organization under the Ministry of Jal Shakti. It is entrusted with the responsibilities of providing scientific inputs for management, exploration, monitoring, assessment, augmentation and regulation of ground water resources of the country. Initiatives to improve the effectiveness of the scheme Standard Operating Procedures for data collection by the stakeholders, Modifications in MIS to make it more user-friendly, Regular reviews at various levels along with field visits by National Program Monitoring Unit (NPMU) officers etc.

NAMAMI GANGE YOJANA -- Detailed Notes

Purpose: Ganga Rejuvenation i.e., ensuring “Aviral Dhara” (Continuous Flow), “Nirmal Dhara” (Unpolluted Flow”), Geologic and Ecological Integrity Type: Central Sector Scheme Implementing Agency: National Mission for Clean Ganga External assistance: World Bank is funding the projects through loan approved for a period of 5 years up to 2026. Quick Facts Ensure effective abatement of pollution and rejuvenation of the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach to promote inter-sectoral co-ordination for comprehensive planning and management.

To maintain minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga to ensure water quality and environmentally sustainable development. Objective Background: Refer the infographic. Key Strategy: Comprehensive integrated programme Non-lapsable fund Hybrid Annuity based PPP model adopted 5 years dedicated Budget allocation Operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost for 15 years included Salient Features Sewerage Treatment Infrastructure River-Front Development River-Surface Cleaning Bio-Diversity Afforestation Public Awarenes Industrial Effluent Monitoring Ganga Gram 8 Key pillars Under Namami Gange

Ganga rejuvenation incorporates Jan Ganga: To enhance public awareness, promote people river connect, large scale participation and involvement of community and common masses. Nirmal Ganga Aviral Ganga Gyan Ganga NMCG: NMCG was registered as a society in 2011 under Societies Registration Act, 1860. It acted as implementation arm of National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA). NGRBA was constituted under provisions of Environment (Protection) Act (EPA), 1986. Centre for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies (cGanga): Acts in the capacity of a comprehensive think-tank to the NMCG Established at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IITK) in 2016.

Collects data and disseminate knowledge and information for the sustainable development of Ganga River Basin. cGanga in collaboration with NMCG organises India Water Impact summit annually. Sustainable and Eco-Agriculture Developing sustainable agri-scapes in the basin and improving water use efficiency. Promoting organic and natural farming in Ganga Grams. Launched in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare. Ganga Praharis Ganga Praharis are self-motivated individuals who will mobilize others in Ganga conservation efforts.

They are being trained for ecological monitoring of Ganga river and its biodiversity, tree plantation techniques, awareness, etc. River front development: Construction of Ghats & Crematoria on the banks of river Ganga. GAP-I (Ganga Action Plan) River pollution abatement programme that focused on main stem of River Ganga. GAP-II (Ganga Action Plan) For pollution abatement of river Yamuna and Gomti, major tributaries of river Ganga. NRCP (National River Conservation Plan) River pollution abatement programme was expanded to include other major rivers of the country and GAP-II was merged with this programme in 1996.

NGRBA (National Ganga River Basin Authority) Under Prime Minister (as chairperson). For regulatory and developmental functions for abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga through river basin approach. Namami Gange Mission It is for integrated conservation mission in which all the tributaries are included. River Basin Approach is being followed. Evolution of River Basin Approach

Clean Ganga Fund (CGF): Non-Lapsable Fund Legal status: Registered under Indian Trust Act and chaired by the Union Finance Minister.

the Indian Companies Act, 2013. Incentives for contribution: Exempted from Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA); Eligible for 100% tax deduction under Section 80 G of the Income Tax. Mapping initiatives: Geographical Mapping - Survey of India facilitates the Ganga Rejuvenation task by using LiDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) & GIS technology. - Mapping of about 45,000 sq. km area covering 5 major states namely UK, UP, JH, BH, and WB. Cultural Mapping: Documentation of Tangible, Intangible and Built Heritage along River Ganga in partnership with INTACH .

Microbial Mapping: GIS-based Mapping of Microbial Diversity across the Ganges for Ecosystem Services. Urban River Management Plan (URMP): Developed by National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) and NMCG. To maintain the wholesomeness of the urban rivers in the Ganga river basin. Arth Ganga Aim: To garner people’s participation for Ganga conservation by promoting sustainable development. Seeks to use economics to bridge people with the river. It will ensure contribution of about 3% to the GDP from Ganga Basin.

Ganga Gram Yojana Aim: To develop the villages located along the main stem of river Ganga which have historic, cultural, and religious and/or tourist importance Encompass comprehensive rural sanitation, development of water bodies and river ghats, construction/ modernization of crematoria, etc. Continuous Learning and Activity Portal (CLAP) An interactive portal that is working towards initiating conversations and action around the rivers in India. Funded and supported by the World Bank. PRAYAG Platform PRAYAG stands for P latform for R eal-time A nalysis of Y amuna, G anga and their Tributaries Prayag is a real time monitoring centre for planning and monitoring of projects, river water quality, etc. through various online dashboards such as Ganga Tarang Portal, Ganga Districts Performance Monitoring System, etc.

Launched under the ambit of Namami Gange Programme.